Types of legal authorities used in international commercial arbitration
- International treaties (both bilateral and multilateral)
For example: - Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards
("New York Convention") - Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States ("ICSID Convention")
- Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs)
- National laws
For example: - National arbitration statute in effect in the arbitration forum
- UNCITRAL
United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration
- National case law (persuasive authority)
- Arbitral rules (international and regional arbitral institutions)
For example: - UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules
- Commercial Arbitration and Mediation Center for the Americas (CAMCA) Rules
- Law of the dispute
For example: - The arbitration agreement (often a contract section or clause)
- Rules and orders of the arbitration tribunal
- Arbitral awards (no precedential value and are not binding; persuasive authority)
- Expert commentary (books and articles)
Courtesy of Marci Hoffman, UC Berkeley School of Law, as compiled from S.I. Strong, Research in International Commercial Arbitration: Special Skills, Special Sources, 29 Am. Rev. Int’l Arb. 119 (2009), available at http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/moot/Strong.pdf.